{
  "title": "Approved country-route nicotine-pouch access snapshot",
  "version": "1.0.1",
  "scope_note": "A frozen export of four consumer-access routes from country records that were published and human-approved by 06 September 2026. It is not a global census and does not infer missing countries.",
  "methodology": {
    "unit": "One country-route answer.",
    "routes": [
      "physical_retail",
      "domestic_online",
      "personal_import",
      "traveller_import"
    ],
    "inclusion": "Country records must be both published and human-approved in the source repository.",
    "status_rule": "Preserve unclear when the reviewed authority establishes tax treatment or an exemption but does not independently establish product admissibility for the route.",
    "reproducibility": "Repeat the published inclusion rule against the same versioned country-record collection and apply the stated conservative status rule to every route."
  },
  "summary": {
    "observation_date": "2026-09-06",
    "source_sha256": "933fb7330db098ad7b81cfcac2d475789bb1d2be873b625c1f6502aafed55849",
    "included_countries": 10,
    "route_answers": 40,
    "status_counts": {
      "prohibited": 14,
      "allowed_with_restrictions": 19,
      "unclear": 7
    },
    "inclusion_rule": "Country records must be both published and human-approved in the source repository."
  },
  "countries": [
    {
      "iso2": "AU",
      "country": "Australia",
      "reviewed": "2026-08-23",
      "overall_confidence": "high",
      "routes": {
        "physical_retail": {
          "conclusion": "prohibited",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "Consumers cannot lawfully buy nicotine pouches from physical retailers in Australia.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-23",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:au-tga-july-2026-change",
            "source:v2:au:3907f67dc37181fc",
            "source:v2:au:ea1049cfea131016"
          ]
        },
        "domestic_online": {
          "conclusion": "prohibited",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "Consumers cannot lawfully buy nicotine pouches online from Australian sellers.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-23",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:au-tga-july-2026-change",
            "source:v2:au:3907f67dc37181fc",
            "source:v2:au:ea1049cfea131016"
          ]
        },
        "personal_import": {
          "conclusion": "prohibited",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "Consumers cannot lawfully order nicotine pouches from overseas for personal import into Australia.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-23",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:au-tga-july-2026-change",
            "source:v2:au:3907f67dc37181fc"
          ]
        },
        "traveller_import": {
          "conclusion": "prohibited",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "Travellers cannot lawfully bring nicotine pouches into Australia.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-23",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:au-tga-july-2026-change",
            "source:v2:au:3907f67dc37181fc"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "iso2": "AT",
      "country": "Austria",
      "reviewed": "2026-08-22",
      "overall_confidence": "high",
      "routes": {
        "physical_retail": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "An in-person purchase is allowed only through an authorised tobacco shop (Trafik).",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:at:1e9785cb6eb94654",
            "source:v2:at:ae7be8b8817901c4"
          ]
        },
        "domestic_online": {
          "conclusion": "prohibited",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "Ordering nicotine pouches online from within Austria is prohibited.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:at:1e9785cb6eb94654",
            "source:v2:at:08ed5b7c29e348e1"
          ]
        },
        "personal_import": {
          "conclusion": "unclear",
          "confidence": "medium",
          "summary": "The legal position for an overseas personal online order is unclear on the retrieved official evidence.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:at:1e9785cb6eb94654",
            "source:v2:at:ae7be8b8817901c4",
            "source:v2:at:08ed5b7c29e348e1",
            "source:v2:at:70bd11f073cb361e"
          ]
        },
        "traveller_import": {
          "conclusion": "unclear",
          "confidence": "medium",
          "summary": "The legal position for carrying nicotine pouches into Austria as a traveller is unclear on the retrieved official evidence.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:at:70bd11f073cb361e",
            "source:v2:at:c4dd15b9d8046bd6"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "iso2": "CA",
      "country": "Canada",
      "reviewed": "2026-08-22",
      "overall_confidence": "high",
      "routes": {
        "physical_retail": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "Allowed only through the pharmacy-supervised retail route for licensed nicotine pouches; ordinary self-service retail sale is not permitted.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:ca:fd8136718a26be90",
            "source:v2:ca:f90c856332bdc035",
            "source:v2:ca:a4342e6d9876efdd",
            "source:v2:ca:0b742eb9db5ce32e"
          ]
        },
        "domestic_online": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "Allowed through a pharmacy website with pharmacist intervention for a licensed product; unrestricted ordinary online retail is not permitted.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:ca:fd8136718a26be90",
            "source:v2:ca:f90c856332bdc035",
            "source:v2:ca:a4342e6d9876efdd",
            "source:v2:ca:0b742eb9db5ce32e"
          ]
        },
        "personal_import": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "medium",
          "summary": "A personal order from abroad is permitted only within the 90-day personal-use route for a pouch at or below 4 mg nicotine per pouch. Higher-strength pouches have a restricted prescription-drug import route.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:ca:5b0c6ef227bc8af6",
            "source:v2:ca:fe66e2ed8b42faf1"
          ]
        },
        "traveller_import": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "medium",
          "summary": "A traveller may bring a qualifying pouch at or below 4 mg per pouch within the 90-day personal-use allowance and must declare it. Higher-strength pouches are restricted to the specified prescription-drug personal-import categories.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:ca:5b0c6ef227bc8af6",
            "source:v2:ca:fe66e2ed8b42faf1",
            "source:v2:ca:cc09f5046a9d65aa"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "iso2": "DK",
      "country": "Denmark",
      "reviewed": "2026-08-23",
      "overall_confidence": "high",
      "routes": {
        "physical_retail": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "Physical retail sale to adults is permitted for compliant nicotine pouches, subject to Denmark’s age, nicotine-content and flavour rules.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-23",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:dk:da6a300b7aee3a42",
            "source:v2:dk:e0a5093bcafa857b",
            "source:v2:dk:b34cf88e15b4b98d",
            "source:dk-nicotine-limit-249-2025"
          ]
        },
        "domestic_online": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "Domestic online sale to adults is permitted for compliant nicotine pouches, provided the retailer uses effective age verification.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-23",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:dk:da6a300b7aee3a42",
            "source:v2:dk:e0a5093bcafa857b",
            "source:v2:dk:b34cf88e15b4b98d",
            "source:dk-nicotine-limit-249-2025"
          ]
        },
        "personal_import": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "A personal cross-border order is not generally prohibited, but it must concern compliant pouches and is subject to Danish excise-duty procedures. The express prohibition on import applies to pouches with a prohibited characteristic aroma or above the nicotine limit.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-23",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:dk:b34cf88e15b4b98d",
            "source:dk-nicotine-limit-249-2025",
            "source:v2:dk:7a780c58d72fb7f8",
            "source:v2:dk:54007d86b408e5aa"
          ]
        },
        "traveller_import": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "A traveller may bring nicotine pouches into Denmark for personal use subject to import and duty rules. Denmark expressly permits travel goods of up to ten units for personal use even where the pouches would otherwise fall within the flavour or nicotine-content import prohibition.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-23",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:dk:b34cf88e15b4b98d",
            "source:dk-nicotine-limit-249-2025",
            "source:v2:dk:7a780c58d72fb7f8",
            "source:v2:dk:54007d86b408e5aa"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "iso2": "FR",
      "country": "France",
      "reviewed": "2026-08-22",
      "overall_confidence": "high",
      "routes": {
        "physical_retail": {
          "conclusion": "prohibited",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "France prohibits offering, transferring and acquiring covered oral nicotine products, so retail purchase is prohibited.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:fr:60137963976de548",
            "source:v2:fr:2ceb10dc0f857cc0",
            "source:v2:fr:c067a0b2e841c270"
          ]
        },
        "domestic_online": {
          "conclusion": "prohibited",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "France prohibits offering, transferring and acquiring covered oral nicotine products, so ordering from a domestic online seller is prohibited.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:fr:60137963976de548",
            "source:v2:fr:2ceb10dc0f857cc0",
            "source:v2:fr:c067a0b2e841c270"
          ]
        },
        "personal_import": {
          "conclusion": "prohibited",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "France prohibits importing and acquiring covered oral nicotine products, so personal import by order is prohibited.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:fr:60137963976de548",
            "source:v2:fr:2ceb10dc0f857cc0",
            "source:v2:fr:c067a0b2e841c270"
          ]
        },
        "traveller_import": {
          "conclusion": "prohibited",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "France prohibits importing and transporting covered oral nicotine products, so bringing them into France for personal use is prohibited.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:fr:60137963976de548",
            "source:v2:fr:2ceb10dc0f857cc0",
            "source:v2:fr:c067a0b2e841c270"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "iso2": "GE",
      "country": "Georgia",
      "reviewed": "2026-08-22",
      "overall_confidence": "high",
      "routes": {
        "physical_retail": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "Physical retail is allowed only through the regulated in-person route; Georgia’s tobacco-control law imposes substantial sale conditions rather than a general ban on compliant shop sales.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:ge:b6b5cf20c031f512"
          ]
        },
        "domestic_online": {
          "conclusion": "prohibited",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "A domestic website may not sell nicotine pouches by internet retail sale or mail order.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:ge:b6b5cf20c031f512"
          ]
        },
        "personal_import": {
          "conclusion": "prohibited",
          "confidence": "medium",
          "summary": "A personal commercial order from another country is an internet or mail retail-sale route, which the tobacco-control law prohibits. The Customs Code’s postal relief rules do not authorize that commercial route.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:ge:b6b5cf20c031f512",
            "source:v2:ge:1a6b2d40bff0688b"
          ]
        },
        "traveller_import": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "medium",
          "summary": "Traveller import for personal use is permitted through the regulated customs route, subject to the passenger allowance, age, quantity and non-commercial-use conditions.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:ge:b6b5cf20c031f512",
            "source:v2:ge:1a6b2d40bff0688b"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "iso2": "DE",
      "country": "Germany",
      "reviewed": "2026-08-23",
      "overall_confidence": "medium",
      "routes": {
        "physical_retail": {
          "conclusion": "prohibited",
          "confidence": "medium",
          "summary": "Buying nicotine pouches from physical shops is prohibited because official German enforcement material and court material support prohibitions on placing these products on the market as non-marketable/unsafe food.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-23",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:de:67e9976a97e77a9a",
            "source:v2:de:72c1ed90098eacef",
            "source:v2:de:acc355aa12d9f6fd",
            "source:v2:de:bddafc46ee8983a4",
            "source:v2:de:2a20b8f1189802a2"
          ]
        },
        "domestic_online": {
          "conclusion": "prohibited",
          "confidence": "medium",
          "summary": "Ordering from a Germany-based website is prohibited because the website's sale is a placing-on-the-market route covered by the official food-law enforcement position.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-23",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:de:67e9976a97e77a9a",
            "source:v2:de:72c1ed90098eacef",
            "source:v2:de:acc355aa12d9f6fd",
            "source:v2:de:bddafc46ee8983a4",
            "source:v2:de:2a20b8f1189802a2"
          ]
        },
        "personal_import": {
          "conclusion": "prohibited",
          "confidence": "medium",
          "summary": "An order from another country for personal use is prohibited as a lawful buying route because the supplier would be placing non-marketable nicotine pouches on the German market.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-23",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:de:67e9976a97e77a9a",
            "source:v2:de:72c1ed90098eacef",
            "source:v2:de:acc355aa12d9f6fd",
            "source:v2:de:bddafc46ee8983a4",
            "source:v2:de:2a20b8f1189802a2",
            "source:v2:de:00f2100463f31222"
          ]
        },
        "traveller_import": {
          "conclusion": "unclear",
          "confidence": "low",
          "summary": "It is unclear whether a traveller may bring nicotine pouches into Germany for personal use; no retrieved official source gave a product-specific traveller-import rule.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-23",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:de:00f2100463f31222",
            "source:v2:de:7322191348221a34"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "iso2": "ES",
      "country": "Spain",
      "reviewed": "2026-08-22",
      "overall_confidence": "medium",
      "routes": {
        "physical_retail": {
          "conclusion": "unclear",
          "confidence": "medium",
          "summary": "Current official material does not establish a lawful physical-shop sales route for tobacco-free nicotine pouches.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:es:b3988e254cb6c2ad",
            "source:v2:es:5659042aaf4b0b10",
            "source:v2:es:6825150ce9ffd231",
            "source:v2:es:61be81ecf52aa8ed"
          ]
        },
        "domestic_online": {
          "conclusion": "unclear",
          "confidence": "medium",
          "summary": "Current official material regulates tax responsibility for platform-facilitated delivery but does not clearly establish that a consumer may lawfully buy nicotine pouches from a domestic website.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:es:b3988e254cb6c2ad",
            "source:v2:es:61be81ecf52aa8ed"
          ]
        },
        "personal_import": {
          "conclusion": "unclear",
          "confidence": "medium",
          "summary": "The reviewed material addresses excise and transport-document duties for personal orders, but tax treatment does not independently establish that tobacco-free nicotine pouches are admissible for personal import.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:es:b3988e254cb6c2ad"
          ]
        },
        "traveller_import": {
          "conclusion": "unclear",
          "confidence": "medium",
          "summary": "The reviewed material gives travellers older than 17 a tax exemption for up to 200 nicotine-pouch units, but the exemption does not independently establish that the product is admissible in accompanied baggage.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:v2:es:b3988e254cb6c2ad",
            "source:v2:es:1e3447ed4b51eb92"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "iso2": "SE",
      "country": "Sweden",
      "reviewed": "2026-08-22",
      "overall_confidence": "high",
      "routes": {
        "physical_retail": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "Physical retail sale is permitted within Sweden subject to the statutory sales, product-compliance and age-control requirements.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:se-act-2022-1257",
            "source:se-fhm-sales-2025"
          ]
        },
        "domestic_online": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "A Swedish website may sell tobacco-free nicotine products subject to the statutory conditions, including age verification for distance sales.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:se-act-2022-1257",
            "source:se-fhm-sales-2025"
          ]
        },
        "personal_import": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "medium",
          "summary": "An adult’s personal order from another country is not subject to an express ban in the retrieved rules, but cross-border supply and import are regulated by age, product-market and tax/customs requirements.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:se-act-2022-1257",
            "source:v2:se:6b3f4c323ba86ec5",
            "source:se-tullverket-travel-nicotine"
          ]
        },
        "traveller_import": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "Traveller import for personal or family use is permitted subject to age, personal-transport, customs and tax conditions.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:se-act-2022-1257",
            "source:se-tullverket-travel-nicotine",
            "source:v2:se:6b3f4c323ba86ec5"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "iso2": "US",
      "country": "United States",
      "reviewed": "2026-08-22",
      "overall_confidence": "high",
      "routes": {
        "physical_retail": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "Adults aged 21 or over can buy lawfully marketed nicotine-pouch products from physical retailers, subject to federal, state, and local restrictions.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:us-fda-authorized-list",
            "source:us-fda-tobacco-21",
            "source:v2:us:eb328f9fbacbd33f",
            "source:us-fda-importing-tobacco",
            "source:v2:us:16949d75ef6fa677",
            "source:v2:us:04fff696d3701a1e"
          ]
        },
        "domestic_online": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "Adults aged 21 or over can order lawfully marketed nicotine-pouch products from domestic online retailers, subject to federal, state, and local restrictions.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:us-fda-authorized-list",
            "source:us-fda-tobacco-21",
            "source:v2:us:eb328f9fbacbd33f",
            "source:us-fda-importing-tobacco",
            "source:v2:us:16949d75ef6fa677",
            "source:v2:us:04fff696d3701a1e"
          ]
        },
        "personal_import": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "Personal import of nicotine pouches is allowed only where the product complies with applicable FDA tobacco-product requirements; noncompliant products may be detained or refused admission.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:us-fda-authorized-list",
            "source:us-fda-importing-tobacco",
            "source:v2:us:16949d75ef6fa677",
            "source:v2:us:c0524ecfbf6e3f24",
            "source:v2:us:c98cf6b59c94d0a7"
          ]
        },
        "traveller_import": {
          "conclusion": "allowed_with_restrictions",
          "confidence": "high",
          "summary": "A traveller can bring nicotine pouches into the United States only where the product complies with applicable FDA tobacco-product requirements; noncompliant products may be refused admission.",
          "evidence_as_of": "2026-08-22",
          "source_ids": [
            "source:us-fda-authorized-list",
            "source:us-fda-importing-tobacco",
            "source:v2:us:16949d75ef6fa677",
            "source:v2:us:c0524ecfbf6e3f24",
            "source:v2:us:c98cf6b59c94d0a7"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "source:au-tga-july-2026-change",
      "title": "Nicotine pouches",
      "publisher": "Therapeutic Goods Administration",
      "url": "https://www.tga.gov.au/products/unapproved-therapeutic-goods/nicotine-pouches",
      "accessed_at": null
    },
    {
      "id": "source:dk-nicotine-limit-249-2025",
      "title": "Executive Order No. 249 of 11 March 2025",
      "publisher": "Retsinformation",
      "url": "https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2025/249",
      "accessed_at": null
    },
    {
      "id": "source:se-act-2022-1257",
      "title": "Lag (2022:1257) om tobaksfria nikotinprodukter",
      "publisher": "Sveriges riksdag",
      "url": "https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/lag-20221257-om-tobaksfria-nikotinprodukter_sfs-2022-1257/",
      "accessed_at": null
    },
    {
      "id": "source:se-fhm-sales-2025",
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